Glaucoma is a serious eye condition that damages the optic nerve, often due to high intraocular pressure (IOP). If left untreated, it can lead to permanent vision loss. While medications and laser treatments help manage glaucoma, surgery is sometimes necessary to prevent further damage.

In this article, we’ll explore glaucoma surgery in detail—its types, benefits, risks, and recovery process—helping Indian patients make informed decisions about their eye health.

When is Surgery for Glaucoma Needed?

Not every glaucoma patient requires surgery. Doctors usually recommend it when:

• Eye drops and oral medications fail to control IOP.
• Laser treatments (like SLT or ALT) don’t provide sufficient relief.
• The patient has advanced glaucoma with a high risk of blindness.

Surgery for glaucoma aims to improve fluid drainage from the eye or reduce fluid production, lowering IOP effectively.

Types of Glaucoma Surgery

There are several surgical options available, depending on the severity of the condition:

1. Trabeculectomy

• The most common traditional surgery.
• A small flap is created in the sclera (white part of the eye) to allow fluid drainage.
• Effective for long-term IOP control.

2. Glaucoma Drainage Implants (Tube Shunts)

• A small tube is inserted into the eye to redirect fluid to a reservoir.
• Used in severe or complex cases where trabeculectomy isn’t suitable.

3. Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS)

• Newer, safer procedures with faster recovery.
• Includes iStent, Hydrus Microstent, and Xen Gel Stent.
• Ideal for mild to moderate glaucoma.

4. Laser Surgeries (SLT and ALT)

• Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) and Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty (ALT) enhance fluid drainage.
• Non-invasive but may need repetition over time.

5. Cyclophotocoagulation

• Destroys part of the ciliary body to reduce fluid production.
• Reserved for advanced or refractory glaucoma cases.

Benefits of Glaucoma Surgery

• Effective IOP Control: Reduces pressure better than medications.
• Slows Vision Loss: Prevents further optic nerve damage.
• Reduces Medication Dependency: Many patients need fewer eye drops post-surgery.
• Minimally Invasive Options: MIGS offers safer alternatives with quick recovery.

Risks and Complications

Like any surgery, glaucoma procedures carry risks:

• Infection or bleeding
• Vision fluctuations (temporary blurriness)
• Hypotony (extremely low eye pressure)
• Scarring (may require repeat surgery)

However, complications are rare, and most patients recover well with proper care.

Recovery After Glaucoma Surgery

• First Few Days: Mild discomfort, redness, and blurred vision are normal.
• Medications: Antibiotic and anti-inflammatory eye drops prevent infection.
• Follow-ups: Regular check-ups ensure proper healing.
• Activity Restrictions: Avoid heavy lifting, swimming, or rubbing the eyes for a few weeks.

Most patients resume normal activities within a week, but full recovery may take a month.

Conclusion

Glaucoma surgery is a safe and effective way to manage high eye pressure and prevent vision loss. With advancements like MIGS, patients now have less invasive options with quicker recovery. If you or a loved one has glaucoma, consult an ophthalmologist to determine the best surgical approach. Early intervention can save your sight and improve quality of life. More Info: - treatment of glaucoma